西藏尼木渐新世花岗岩中的岩浆混合作用:对岩石成因及陆壳增生的启示     

林蕾  邱检生  王睿强  洪宇飞  徐航 《地质学报》2018,92(12):2388-2409

尼木渐新世黑云母二长花岗岩中含有丰富的形态各异的暗色镁铁质微粒包体。本文报道了寄主岩和镁铁质包体的年代学、元素地球化学及Sr- Nd- Hf同位素组成,据此阐明了岩石的成因,并探讨了岩浆混合作用在成岩中的意义及其对陆壳增生的启示。锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb定年结果表明,寄主岩和镁铁质包体的成岩年龄在误差范围内基本一致,均为约30Ma,说明它们同时形成。元素地球化学组成上,寄主黑云母二长花岗岩为高钾钙碱性、准铝质,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素,且具有高Sr、低Y和Yb含量,Sr/Y比值高,缺乏明显铕负异常,表现出埃达克质岩石的特征。镁铁质包体贫硅,富铁、镁,具有与寄主岩相似的稀土与微量元素分布模式。二者的全岩Sr、Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素组成也相近\[寄主岩:(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7057~0.7064,εNd(t)=-1.45~0.35,εHf(t)=1.21~7.34;镁铁质包体:(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7058~0.7064,εNd(t)=-2.23~-1.57,εHf(t)=2.40~7.04\]。综合分析表明,尼木渐新世黑云母二长花岗岩应主要起源于碰撞加厚的新生镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融,镁铁质包体应为幔源玄武质岩浆与其诱发加厚地壳熔融形成的埃达克质岩浆经不均匀混合作用的产物。结合对冈底斯带岩浆岩已有资料的全面分析,表明幔源玄武质岩浆的底侵及其诱发的岩浆混合作用既是冈底斯岩基形成的主要方式,也是导致青藏高原陆壳增生的重要途径。  相似文献   

东昆仑东段三叠纪岩浆混合作用:以香加南山花岗岩基为例     

陈国超  裴先治  李瑞保  李佐臣  裴磊  刘成军  陈有炘  李小兵 《岩石学报》2018,34(8):2441-2480

香加南山花岗岩基位于东昆仑造山带东段,岩基主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体为香加南山岩基的重要组成部分。香加南山花岗岩基含大量暗色微粒包体,包体中捕掳晶丰富。千瓦大桥-加鲁河一带花岗岩体寄主岩中斜长石和暗色微粒包体中捕掳晶斜长石具正常环带,An值震荡变化,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较低,具壳源特征;暗色微粒包体中基质斜长石具核边结构,核部和边部An值存在间断,角闪石和黑云母Mg O含量和Mg#值较高,具幔源特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果显示千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩、暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩的结晶年龄分别为251.0±1.9Ma、252.8±3.0Ma和221.4±3.3Ma。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE),具较低的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值;从千瓦大桥到加鲁河花岗闪长岩呈现出由准铝质中钾钙碱性系列向准铝-弱过铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列演化;暗色微粒包体和加鲁河辉长岩轻重稀土元素分异程度相对较低,具较高的Mg#和Nb/Ta比值。千瓦大桥花岗闪长岩和加鲁河花岗闪长岩分别为古特提斯演化俯冲阶段和后碰撞阶段幔源岩浆底侵新生地壳使其部分熔融产物。镁铁质岩浆注入长英质岩浆的混合作用形成了暗色微粒包体。岩浆混合过程中,如果岩浆不完全混合,混合岩浆中混入物质除了长英质岩浆的残留岩浆和捕掳晶,还应该有镁铁质岩浆与长英质岩浆之间的元素梯度差导致的物质扩散;如果岩浆为近完全混合,混合岩浆近似为镁铁质岩浆和长英质岩浆以一定比例二元混合。东昆仑东段晚古生代-早中生代幔源岩浆对花岗质岩浆的影响是一个持续的过程,从俯冲阶段早期流体交代地幔熔融,到俯冲阶段后期板片断离,然后同碰撞阶段板片断离的持续影响,再到后碰撞阶段加厚地壳的拆沉作用,由于地球动力学体制不同,导致幔源岩浆影响的大小和特征不同。  相似文献   

Chemical and Sr-Nd compositions and 40Ar/39Ar ages of NW-trending dolerite dikes of Burkina Faso: Evidence for a Mesoproterozoic magmatism in the West African Craton     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2018,9(6):1957-1980

The Paleoproterozoic basement of the northeastern part of the Leo-Man craton is intruded by generally NW-trending dikes. These regional scale dikes extend over 1000 km in Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger. We present chemical and Sr-Nd isotope compositions, as well as ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of these dikes with the following strikes N98°–N112°, and N114°–N124° in NE Burkina Faso. Field relationships show that the dikes are posterior to all other rock types dated between 2.26 Ga and 2.0 Ga. Chemical data indicate that the dikes are continental flood basalts and composed of low-Ti (TiO₂ ≤ 2 wt.%) sub-alkaline basalts and andesites. They exhibit a minor negative Europium anomaly (0.86–0.99) and slightly fractionated REE patterns ((La/Yb)_N = 2.5–9.1; Yb_N = 9.5–19.9). The ratios of Th/Ta (1.3–11.4) and Ce/Pb (5.2–58.5) suggest a varying crustal assimilation of the dike magmas during ascent in the continental crust for all studied samples. Calculated P-T conditions indicate that the magma reached temperatures of 1285 °C (calculated from olivine compositions) and pressures of 6.9 kbar (calculated for pyroxene minerals). Calculated initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70040–0.70260) and ɛ_Nd(t) = +2.1 to −3.5 at 1575 Ma, also point to a crustal contamination with the most primitive samples showing T_DM values of 1946 Ma and 2154 Ma. The low values of La/Ba (<0.2) and Nb/La (<1.0), contrast with the low Th/Nb (<0.9), and suggest a lithospheric mantle or subduction-modified mantle as possible source for the dikes. Sr-Nd data, Mg# and Nb-Ta-Zr-Y-Th-Tb-Yb compositions further suggest that the most primitive samples were emplaced in a none orogenic setting and their magmas were subjected to variable crustal contaminations. Literature and the present whole rock ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age determinations show that the dikes were emplaced during a widespread Mesoproterozoic magmatism between 1.6 Ga and 1.2 Ga, and were affected by a thermal event causing the argon systematics resetting, best constrained by the date of sample KK1 (1236 ± 20 Ma, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar = 294 ± 13, MSWD = 2.2). Contemporaneous 1590–1570 Ma extensive magmatism is reported in other crustal blocks in Baltica (Sveconorw-Goth, svecofennian) NW Laurentia (Slave craton, Yukon), and Australia (Gawler craton), and together with the 1575 studied dikes, are related to the breakup of the supercontinent Nuna.  相似文献   

西秦岭天水地区晚三叠世柴家庄二长花岗岩及其暗色包体地球化学——岩石成因及岩浆混合作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

巨银娟  王邢颖  张泽中 《地质与资源》2018,27(1):43

晚三叠世花岗岩类在秦岭-大别造山带西端广泛分布,其成因机制及地球动力学背景的研究对于反演华北、扬子两大板块沿秦岭-大别造山带在三叠纪时期的拼合历史具有重要意义.本文选择西秦岭天水地区柴家庄晚三叠世二长花岗岩及其中的暗色包体进行精细的岩石学和地球化学研究.暗色包体中普遍发育针状磷灰石及斜长石捕掳晶,暗示岩浆混合作用;暗色包体具有较低的SiO₂（60.27%~60.38%）、高的Mg#（54~55）和Nb/Ta比值（14.8~16.6）,表明其来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融作用;寄主二长花岗岩表现出典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征,其富集Sr、Ba,亏损Y和HREE,岩石的Sr/Y比值介于88~98之间,Y/Yb比值介于13~15之间,暗示源区有石榴石残余.结合前人的研究结果,提出柴家庄二长花岗岩可能为增厚的造山带下地壳在碰撞后伸展环境下发生部分熔融作用的产物,可能与晚三叠世时期秦岭造山带的板片断离作用有关  相似文献   

Geochemistry and Tectonic Setting of Mafic Igneous Units in the Neoproterozoic Katangan Basin, Central Africa: Implications for Rodinia Break-up   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.B. Kampunzu  F. Tembo  G. Matheis  D. Kapenda  P. Huntsman-Mapila 《Gondwana Research》2000,3(2)

Geochemical compositions of mafic igneous rocks in the Katangan basin in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo, hereafter Congo, and Zambia) provide the basis for the geodynamic interpretation of the evolution of this Neoproterozoic basin located between the Congo and Kalahari cratons. The Katangan basin is subdivided into five major tectonic units: the Katangan Aulacogen, the External Fold and Thrust Belt, the Domes Region, the Synclinorial Belt and the Katangan High. The metamorphosed mafic igneous rocks investigated occur in the Katangan Aulacogen, the External Fold and Thrust Belt and the Domes Region. The earliest magmatic activity produced continental tholeiites emplaced on Paleoproterozoic crust during the early stages of intraplate break-up. This continental tholeiite magmatism was followed by an association of alkaline and tholeiitic basalts emplaced in the Katangan continental rift and then by tholeiitic basalts with E-MORB affinity marking a young oceanic crust. These volcanic associations mark different stages of evolution from pre-rift continental break-up up to a continental rift similar to the East African rift system and then to a Red Sea type incipient oceanic rift. A similar evolution occurs in the Damaran basin in southwestern Africa, although no pre-rift continental tholeiites have been recorded in this segment of the Pan-African belt system.  相似文献   

Early Permian East-Ujimqin mafic–ultramafic and granitic rocks from the Xing’an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt,North China: Origin,chronology, and tectonic implications     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

The East-Ujimqin complex, located north of the Erenhot–Hegenshan fault, North China, is composed of mafic–ultramafic and granitic rocks including peridotite, gabbro, alkali granite, and syenite. We investigated the tectonic setting, age, and anorogenic characteristics of the Xing’an–Mongolian Orogenic Belt (XMOB) through field investigation and microscopic and geochemical analyses of samples from the East-Ujimqin complex and LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of gabbro and alkali granite. Petrographic and geochemical studies of the complex indicate that this multiphase plutonic suite developed through a combination of fractional crystallization, assimilation processes, and magma mixing. The mafic–ultramafic rocks are alkaline and have within-plate geochemical characteristics, indicating anorogenic magmatism in an extensional setting and derivation from a mantle source. The mafic–ultramafic magmas triggered partial melting of the crust and generated the granitic rocks. The granitic rocks are alkali and metaluminous and have high Fe/(Fe + Mg) characteristics, all of which are common features of within-plate plutons. Zircon U–Pb geochronological dating of two samples of gabbro and alkali granite yielded ages of 280.8 ± 1.5 and 276.4 ± 0.7 Ma, placing them within the Early Permian. The zircon Hf isotopic data give inhomogeneous ε_Hf(t) values of 8.2–14.7 for gabbroic zircons and extraordinary high ε_Hf(t) values (8.9–12.5) for the alkali granite in magmatic zircons. Thus, we consider the East-Ujimqin mafic–ultramafic and granitic rocks to have been formed in an extensional tectonic setting caused by asthenospheric upwelling and lithospheric thinning. The sources of mafic–ultramafic and granitic rocks could be depleted garnet lherzolite mantle and juvenile continental lower crust, respectively. All the above indicate that an anorogenic magma event may have occurred in part of the XMOB during 280–276 Ma.  相似文献   

安徽铜陵地区幔源镁铁质团块研究及其地质意义     

李大鹏  杜杨松  于学峰  秦新龙  Steve SCOTT  王树星  Filipa MARQUES 《地球学报》2014,35(5):608-618

幔源岩石包体研究,是认识上地幔岩石圈物质组成、幔源岩浆演化及壳幔动力学过程的重要手段。铜陵地区小铜官山石英二长闪长岩中发育有微粒闪长质包体,并且这些微粒闪长质包体中不均匀地分布着镁铁质团块,三者的形成过程可视为铜陵地区岩浆演化的缩影,为了解本区深部岩浆作用过程提供了有力的证据。在前人研究的基础上,笔者借助电子探针、扫描电镜、电镜能谱和二次飞行时间离子探针(Tof-SIMS)对产于铜陵地区微粒闪长质包体中的镁铁质团块进行了详细的研究,首次获得了一套精确的矿物化学资料和元素分布图,总结了镁铁质团块的特征,并讨论了本区的深部岩浆作用过程。矿物学研究表明,镁铁质团块中的角闪石和辉石均已发生了不同程度的透闪石化和阳起石化蚀变,蚀变过程中,从镁钙闪石到镁角闪石,再到透闪石,随着Si的增加,角闪石呈现出Mg的富集和Ti、Al贫化的特点。团块中的富Cr磁铁矿、Ti磁铁矿和少量的铝直闪石指示了其具有深源性。Tof-SIMS元素分布图显示,透闪石主要由Al、Si、Ca、Sc、V、Cr、Mn、Cu和Sr元素组成,透辉石主要由Si、Mg、Ca、Cu和Rb组成。在铜陵地区,上地幔部分熔融形成一套玄武岩浆,受岩浆底侵作用影响,玄武岩浆上侵,进入下地壳深位岩浆房,与下地壳硅镁层发生同化混染作用,形成一套轻度演化的中基性(辉长质)玄武岩浆,镁铁质团块就是这类中基性玄武岩浆直接结晶形成的。后受构造作用影响,这类中基性玄武岩浆上侵到中地壳岩浆房(12~16 km),与中地壳的变质岩系发生同化混染和结晶分异作用形成一套中性闪长质岩浆,微粒闪长质包体就是这套闪长质岩浆发生结晶分异作用而形成的。镁铁质团块和微粒闪长质包体清楚地解释了铜陵地区深部岩浆作用过程,并有力地证明了铜陵地区中地壳的闪长质岩浆来源于下地壳的壳幔混源岩浆。  相似文献   

Geochemistry of an ENE–WSW to NE–SW trending ∼2.37 Ga mafic dyke swarm of the eastern Dharwar craton,India: Does it represent a single magmatic event?     

Rajesh K. Srivastava  M. Jayananda  Gulab C. Gautam  V. Gireesh  Amiya K. Samal 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014

A vast tract of ENE–WSW to NE–SW trending mafic dyke swarm transects Archaean basement rocks within the eastern Dharwar craton. Petrographic data reveal their dolerite/olivine dolerite or gabbro/olivine gabbro composition. Geochemical characteristics, particularly HFSEs, indicate that not all these dykes are co-genetic but are probably derived from more than one magma batch and different crystallization trends. In most samples the La^N/Lu^N ratio is at ∼2, whereas others have a La^N/Lu^N ratio >2 and show higher concentrations of high-field strength elements (HFSEs) than the former group. As a consequence, we assume that the ENE–WSW to NE–SE trending mafic dykes of the eastern Dharwar craton do not represent one single magmatic event but were emplaced in two different episodes; one of them dated at about 2.37 Ga and another probably at about 1.89 Ga. Trace element modelling also supports this inference: older mafic dykes are derived from a melt generated through ∼25% melting of a depleted mantle, whereas the younger set of dykes shows its derivation through a lower degree of melting (∼15%) of a comparatively enriched mantle source.  相似文献   

新疆磁海铁(钴)矿区镁铁质岩锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及岩石成因   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

孟庆鹏  柴凤梅  李强  郑佳浩  邵发志  耿新霞  韩文清 《岩石学报》2014,30(1):109-124

磁海铁(钴)矿床是北山地区一大型富钴铁矿床,矿体产于辉绿岩中。矿区出露有大量的辉长岩。本文利用锆石LA-ICP-MS定年法,获得磁海矿区角闪辉长岩和磁南矿区粗晶辉长岩的206Pb/238U年龄分别为294.8±1.3Ma和276.1±0.63Ma,表明它们属早二叠世岩浆活动的产物。地球化学特征上,角闪辉长岩与辉绿岩为同源岩浆演化的产物,它们具有中等偏低的Mg#值(49～66)和相对高的TiO2含量(2.27%～2.57%),属钙碱性和拉斑玄武岩系列(FeOT/MgO=0.93～1.84),其微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Ta和Ti,并具明显的Eu负异常。粗晶辉长岩与前者具有不同特征,它们有高的Mg#值(72～81)和低的TiO2含量(0.24%～0.39%),属钙碱性玄武岩系列,具有富集大离子亲石元素Ba、Th、U、Pb、Sr和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Zr、Hf和P,并具明显的Eu正异常特征。角闪辉长岩和粗晶辉长岩具有正的εHf(t)值(分别为4.6～11.7和1.5～5.1)。与北山地区同时代的具铜镍矿化的镁铁-超镁铁岩具有相同的特征。因此,认为磁海铁矿区基性岩形成于后碰撞伸展背景,由亏损的软流圈地幔熔体与俯冲板片物质的混合物。不同类型的岩石系不同成分的原始岩浆经不同演化过程的产物。  相似文献   

Crustal thickening prior to 38 Ma in southern Tibet: Evidence from lower crust-derived adakitic magmatism in the Gangdese Batholith     

Qi Guan  Di-Cheng Zhu  Zhi-Dan ZhaoGuo-Chen Dong  Liang-Liang ZhangXiao-Wei Li  Min LiuXuan-Xue Mo  Yong-Sheng LiuHong-Lin Yuan 《Gondwana Research》2012,21(1):88-99

The petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of the Cenozoic adakites in southern Tibet remain topics of debate. Here we report geochronological and geochemical data for host granites and mafic enclaves from Wolong in the eastern Gangdese Batholith, southern Tibet. Zircon LA-ICP-MS dating indicates that the Wolong host granites and enclaves were synchronously emplaced at ca. 38 Ma. The host granites are medium- to high-K calc-alkaline, metaluminous (A/CNK = 0.93-0.96), with high Al₂O₃ (15.47-17.68%), low MgO (0.67-1.18%), very low abundances of compatible elements (e.g., Cr = 3.87-8.36 ppm, Ni = 3.04-5.71 ppm), and high Sr/Y ratios (127-217), similar to those typical of adakite. The mafic enclaves (SiO₂ = 51.08-56.29%) have 3.83-5.02% MgO and an Mg^# of 48-50, with negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.59-0.79). The Wolong host granites and enclaves have similar Sr-Nd isotopic compositions (initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7053-0.7055, ε_Nd(t) = − 2.7 to − 1.4), with varying zircon ε_Hf(t) values, ranging from + 6.0 to + 12.6. A comprehensive study of the data available for adakitic rocks from the Gangdese Batholith indicates that the Wolong adakitic host granites were derived from partial melting of a thickened lower crust, while the parental magmas of the mafic enclaves were most likely derived from lithospheric mantle beneath southern Tibet. The Wolong granitoids are interpreted as the result of mixing between the thickened lower crust-derived melts and lithospheric mantle-derived mafic melts, which are likely the protracted magmatic response to the break-off of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab at about 50 Ma. Our results suggest that the crustal thickening in southern Tibet occurred prior to ~ 38 Ma, and support the general view that the India-Asia collision must have occurred before 40 Ma.  相似文献